AIM OF THE STUDY: Paraoesophageal hernia is a particularly rare condition in childhood. Sometimes it is possible to have an asymptomatic course and to be discovered incidentally. Anyway there are no more than 20 reported cases of which only two are well studied and documented to be real paraoesophageal hernias. CASE REPORT: Patients were all over 4 years old except for our little patient which was 18 months old, the only infant reported with this condition. On the contrary it is the most common postoperational complication of Nissen fundoplication, which is the most commonly performed, surgical technique for the correction of gastroesophageal reflux in children. CONCLUSIONS: The Authors believe that the presentation of this case with all its special characteristics will improve knowledge about this rare entity and add information about its treatment and surgical correction that are usefull for all doctors that care children.