All authors must meet the four criteria for authorship as outlined in the Authorship Policy. Those who contributed to the work but do not meet the criteria for authorship can be mentioned in the Acknowledgments (individuals who provided help during the research, e.g., language assistance, writing support, or proofreading the article, etc.). It is the responsibility of the corresponding author to ensure that the list of authors is correct upon the first submission. Requests to change authors (e.g., adding or removing authors, modifying author names, or contributing changes) must be accompanied by a letter signed by all authors stating their agreement to the proposed changes. New authors must also confirm that they fully meet the journal's authorship requirements.

Examples for Author Contribution: Author A conceptualized the research study. Author B and Author D performed the research. Author A and Author C analyzed the data. Author B, C and D wrote the manuscript. All authors contributed to editorial important changes in the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. All authors have participated sufficiently in the work and agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Examples for Acknowledgments: The authors wish to thank Dr. ABC and Dr. ABB for their work in authenticating XXX samples. Thanks are also due to Prof. ACC for her suggestions on preparing the manuscript.

Annali Italiani di Chirurgia supports the ICMJE recommendations regarding the use of AI-assisted technologies (such as Large Language Models [LLMs], chatbots, or image creators). If authors use AI-assisted technologies to produce the submitted work, they must disclose the use of AI in the Methods, Acknowledgments, or other appropriate sections of the manuscript at the time of submission. AI-assisted technologies do not meet the criteria of authorship, and and therefore not be listed as author(s) or co-author(s). Authors must be responsible for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of their manuscript, including any submitted material generated by AI. Editors reserve the final decision on whether the use of AI in a submitted manuscript is appropriate or permissible.